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    Title: 國小社會科環境教育適用教材之研究
    A Study of the Teaching materials for Social Environmental Education in Elementary Schools
    Authors: 鄧天德
    Date: 1990-06
    Issue Date: 2011-12-07 11:52:32 (UTC+8)
    Publisher: 臺北市立師範學院
    Abstract: 中文摘要
      台灣由於都市化及工業化之急速發展,加速了社會變遷及財富累積,進而躋身為亞洲四小龍之一。然而經濟的蓬勃發展卻為台灣帶來嚴重的生態危機。政府與民眾深感環境問題已臻嚴重地步。
      儘管病態之環境為人人所共享,但是環境保護並未被人人所共識,究其原因主要在於長久以來環境教育未曾落實紮根。有些人民環境意識淡薄,缺乏維護環境之責任感,有些人民之環境意識又過於偏激。政府有鑑於此,乃積極獎勵學者專家從事有關環境保育之研究,各級學校教育也加入不同層次之環境教育教材。
      國小社會科教材包括公民、歷史、地理三大領域,主要在使兒童認識生活環境。生活環境包括自然環境、人文環境、社會環境。因此,廣義的社會科教育,即為生活環境之教育,亦即環境教育。換言之,廣義的環境教育就是社會科的教育。但是本文的環境教育指有關環境生態、環境公害、環境倫理的教育,所涵蓋的範圍比較狹窄。
      現行的國小社會科教材包括了不少與環境有關的教材內容,此因社會科的教材編撰時即以生活經驗為出發有關。但是上述環境有關之教材,主要著重在環境之認知。環境情意之培養上,在技能之培養與行為之實踐方面則比較欠缺。
      從民國七十八學年度起社會科教材將逐年更換。新課程共有40個單元,111個單元目標。就教材份量言,只有6個單元16個單元目標與環境教育有關。因此,在教材份量上顯然不足。在教材的分配上,上述六個單元全部安排在下學期,而五年級沒有一個環境教育單元。在教材內容方面,上述六個單元中,大部份屬於自然環境之認識與了解,對人文環境如都市、交通、食物、噪音等方面之認識與了解,及如何對待其他生物之態度、觀念等均非常缺乏。
      世界各國都將環境教育附屬於各個學科領域之內,將環境教育教材納入各科教材之中,採隨機方面實施。由於各學科的教學重點不同,各學科的環境教育教材也各不相同。社會學科是研究人類社會行為為主旨的科學,在實施環境教育方面,其焦點應放在人類各種活動與環境問題相關性之認知上。本研究依此原則擬定二十一條教材綱領。
      環境教育之最終目標在於養成兒童保護環境之實踐行為,因此,環境教育之方法當從活動中學習最為直接而且有效。依此理念,本研究以編撰活動設計為學習方式,讓兒童從實做中學習,期以潛移默化達到環境教育之目標。

    Abstract
      The main environmental problems that confront our societies are both the environmental pollution and ecological crisis. They are the by-products of the human economic development. Man does not have the willingness to conserve earth environment by birth, but rather it has to be cultivated through education. Therefore environmental education is one of the major contents of modern education.
      Environmental education has been affiliated with related courses in many countries. It is natural that different disciplines have different purposes in environmental education. This project deals with the main purposes, proper teaching materials and methods for environmental education from social viewpoint.
      Some conclusions have been drawn as follows:
      1. The main purposes of environmental education in social aspect should be of ethic, affection, knowledge, skill, and action.
      2. The material for social environmental education should cover the cognition of mutual impacts between human behavior and natural environment, and the relationships of the human society to cultural environment. 21 items are recommended to be the social environmental education materials.
      3. The most effective method for environmental education in elementary schools would be by meeans of activity units. In other words, environmental education should be conducted through a variety of learning activities. Therefore some different environmental education activities have been designed for different grades of students in elementary schools.
    Relation: 臺北市立師範學院學報
    21期
    265-300
    Appears in Collections:[Office of Academic Affairs] 臺北市立師範學院學報 (19-36卷1期)

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