Abstract The characteristic of educational methods and ideas in ancient China was to emphasize the importance of behavior rattier than knowledge because it was then commonly believed that human life and behavior were the essence of a culture which could be handed down from generation to generation through education. Therefore the purpose of education to the educators at that time was to cultivate the integrity of student's character. But unfortunately there was no books then written directly dealing with the methods and ideas of education. Now only some fragmentary information concerning the ideas of education can be found in some books which were written in the ancient time with no intention at all of discussing educational theories. For example, "Pupil's Responsibility" in Kuan Tzu is one of the earliest articles treating children's education. Based upon Kuan Tzu's opinion in "Pupil's Responsibility," the ideas of children's education in ancient China will be studied and analyzed in five chapters as follows in this treatise to make clear the ancient Chinese educators' deep concerns with their teaching career. Chapter I : The Motivation of Studying "Pupil's Responsibility" Chapter II: The Verification of Textual Research Chapter III: The Characteristics of "Pupil's Responsibility" Chapter IV: The Meaning of "Pupil's Responsibility" to Modern Education Chapter V: Conclusion Many scholars of former generations tried to explain some of the textual difficulties in "Pupil's Responsibility," but they are even more difficult to understand than the original text. In order to clarify the meanings of some words and sentences, a Pai Hua translation with a zeroxed copy of the original text is attached to this article which was written after all the explanatory notes and historical references made by the scholars of former generations had been carefully examined and critically studied.
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