DSpace collection: 北市師專學報(12-18期)

各國兒童音樂教育發展之趨勢

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 03:44:09 GMT

title: 各國兒童音樂教育發展之趨勢 abstract: 中文摘要　　本文之主要目標為進行瞭解世界兒童音樂教育之發展趨勢，擷取各先進國家兒童音樂教育之優點，以供改進我國國小音樂教育之參考。本研究主要採文獻分析方法，先探討音樂教育之沿革與發展情形，再分析比較各主要國家兒童音樂教育發展之概況，獲致結論摘要如下：　　一、國小音樂教育宜從低年級開始即編入音樂課程，早期實施節奏教育訓練，以期提高學習效果。　　二、由幼稚園至大專所採用之音樂教材，其編訂應有一貫性，避免重複或銜接性不夠等情形，以免減低學習之興趣。　　三、應參酌國外有關資料，儘速編製一套適合我國目前使用之創造性思考教學教材，積極改進我國國小音樂教育。　　四、教育主管機關應有計劃地安排中、小學音樂教師研習中國音樂課程，並製作有關之教學媒體，以倡導民族音樂教育。　　五、重視音樂教師在職進修問題，如舉辦各類各項之研習活動等，使音樂教師有進修機會，以提升音樂教育之成效。 Abstract 　　The main purpose of this article is to understand the development trend of children's musical education in the world, to ingest the strong points in children's musical education in advanced countries, and to serve as the reference for future improvement in this country. This study has adopted documentation analysis method to study the history and development of music education, to analyse and compare the general conditions of children's musical education in all major countries. The results are summarized below. 　　1. The music education in primary schools should include music courses in lower grades for earlier implementation of rhythmical educational training in order to upgrade learning efficiency. 　　2. There should be consistent establishment of music courses and teaching materials right from kindergartens to universities. Repetitions and inconsistent connections should also be avoided to maintain students' learning interest. 　　3. Taking into consideration relevant materials from abroad, we should establish as soon as possible a system of creative-thinking teaching materials that are consistent with existing local circumstances, and actively improve music education in local primary schools. 　　4. Educational authorities should make plans to allow music teachers in primary and middle schools to learn Chinese music courses, and establish relevant teaching and learning materials, in order to promote national music education. 　　5. An emphasis should be placed on the inservice study of music teachers, such as study activities concerning various subjects, so as to allow music teachers the opportunities for further learning and to upgrade the efficiency of music education.

歷史教育理想境界之探索與實踐

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 03:44:08 GMT

title: 歷史教育理想境界之探索與實踐 abstract: 中文摘要　　本論題之提出與研究寫作動機，發自個人教學歷史多年經驗之反省與時代重估人文教育給我之啟示。歷史為人文學科中主要之一環。我國向來重視歷史教育，認為具有教人立身處世齊家治國之借鏡作用。惟近世紀來受科學技術浪潮衝擊，歷史遜居下位。雖各級學校仍設置歷史一科，僅灌注史事知識應付考試需要，而對於歷史反映真、善、美人文價值上往往視若無覩。馴至經濟飛速發展，道德愈趨墮落，物欲橫流，人性汩沒。今欲挽救時弊，重振人倫道德精神，因敢不揣譾陋，提出此論題，主旨在探索歷史教育所蘊涵之真、善、美理想，而求落實到生活教育中滿足人性知、情、意三方面的需求與適應兒童青少年三階段人格培養的歷程。　　本此主旨，分作四個層次進行研究：首先闡明歷史與教育的涵義及歷史教育的重要性；其次建立歷史教育兼具真、善、美內涵之論據；再次分析歷史教育各種不同對象與需要以及歷史教育實施今昔之檢討與存在之問題；最後，就問題尋求解答，依兒童青少年心理發展順序與社會需要為經及國家教育宗旨與課程目標為緯之原則下，提出從國小至高中三階段逐次陶成健全人格以實踐教育理想之步驟與方法。又為使家庭與社會都能相互協助，俾生活教育更能落實而有效，所以更提出學校家庭與社會三層面教育配合的主張。　　至若大學歷史教育重在培養史學專才，不在本題討論範圍。惟培養師資之師範院校歷史教育，因忝濫竿師專有年，知其甘苦所在，值茲改制伊始，略抒關於改院後歷史課程設計之管見，作為餘論，藉供拋磚引玉而已。 Abstract 　　The reflection of my personal experiences in teaching history for many years, as well as the enlightenment I found from the re-evaluation of education in humanity sciences, motivated me to complete this research. History has always been an important department in humanity sciences. Our tradition put much emphasis upon history education, and considered it to be highly instructive regarding individual refinement and the management of all commonwealth. However, with the impact of modern science and technology during the recent century, the influence of history has gradually diminished. Even though history still has its place in the curricula of all level's of schools, the main objective of history education is but to pass examinations, while history's value in reflecting truth, goodness and beauty is totally ignored. The more rapidly advancing the economy, the more corrupted is the moral standard. Lust and greed overwhelm the nature of men. In presenting my thesis, I wish to save the situation and restore the ethical spirit. I will focus on investigating the ideals of truth, goodness and beauty, and realize them in daily life, so that the history education can adapt to the needs of children, and young people, and also promote the growth of their mind in intelligence, emotions, and will. 　　Accordingly, my investigation is divided into four parts. First, I want to expound the meaning of history and education, and the importance of history education. Secondly, I will furnish evidences that truth, goodness and beauty have their roots in history education. Then, I would like to analyze the various recipients of history education, and their different needs. I will also discuss the past and present practices of history education and their existing problems. Finally, I will suggest solutions for the problems. I would offer steps and methods in realizing the educational ideals in cultivating healthy individuals from the primary school through junior high to senior high school in accordance with the psychological growth from childhood to young adulthood, and also the needs of our society. Of course, the educational principles of our country as well as the curriculum objectives are not to be ignored. In addition, in order that family and society can be mutually supportive, and life education be more practical and effective, I propose that the education in family, school, and society must be coordinative and integral. 　　Since the history education in college aims in cultivating experts in history, I will not include it in this thesis. However, as for the history education of normal colleges, whose objective is cultivating history teachers, because of my experiences as a teacher in a normal junior college for many years, I would like to attempt some suggestions concerning the curriculum of history education after the colleges’reformation. I sincerely hope this final part can inspire much more valuable opinions.

中印之原始戲曲

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 03:44:07 GMT

title: 中印之原始戲曲 abstract: 中文摘要　　戲曲是人類古老的活動，原始社會便已產生了原始戲曲。所謂原始戲曲，即指戲曲在發展成型以前而含有戲劇成份的人類活動。中國和印度在地理上同屬於重視精神文明的東方亞洲，在歷史上又有使者造成宗教、文化交流，是以兩國戲曲在形式、內涵方面不但各具特色，並且部分的印度戲曲特質已成功的融入或轉化於中國戲曲之中。　　本文的研究方法，係以戲曲的構成三要素－舞蹈、音樂、故事方面的起源發展著眼，首先搜集有關中國、印度兩國的考古美術、神話歷史以及古籍記載的傳說資料，就其先後順序做一個扼要敘述。復參以分析比較的方法，將其戲曲理論與民俗特色，分別由形式、內涵兩方面做同異的比較。最後，歸納出中國的倫理道德與印度的直觀冥想，是目前西方文藝思潮所欲追求的精神支柱。　　本文之撰述，分列六章。第壹章前言，說明中印原始戲曲研究的迫切性，第貳章為原始戲曲內涵做一解釋，第參章闡述中國由上古至唐末五代的原始戲曲，第肆章闡述梵劇成型以前的印度原始戲曲，第伍章就兩國戲曲形式、內涵兩方面加以比較，第陸章結論捻出中國的倫理道德與印度的直觀冥想是西方文藝思潮所追尋的人類原始情操，以為結束。 Abstract 　　Drama is a kind of ancient human activities in the originalsociety. It is so called "The Original Drama", i. e. the primitive forms of dramas under developed. Geographically, China and India are stuated the same region in the Oriental Asia, and historically, they intercommunicated in religion and culture. In the field of dramas, they have different features in formand content, even though some Indian primitive elements in drama were melted into Chinese culture sucessfully. 　　According to the three elements of the stucture of drama-dance, music and story-this paper lays stress on the source and the development. First, to collect the concerned materials of the two countries, such as archaeological arts, myth histories and the traditional legends written in ancient books, then put them in series, and given a simple narration; next, to analyze and compare the data by means of forms and contents with the points of dramatic theories and worldly customs; at last, to induct the study and find out that the Chinese ethical morality and the Indian perceptive meditation are the two spiritual pillars to the western literary thoughts pursued at present. 　　This paper includes six chapters. 1, Foreword, to depict the need of this study; 2, Original dramas, to define the scope and the meaning; 3, Chinese original dramas, from old age to Tang and Five dynasties; 4, Indian Sanskrit dramas; 5, Comparisions between Chinese and Indian dramas, by forms and contents; 6, Conclusion, to summarize the study that both the Chinese ethical morality and the Indian perceptive meditation are the human original sentiments pursued in the present western thoughts of literature.

師說句式研究

Wed, 07 Dec 2011 03:44:06 GMT

title: 師說句式研究 abstract: 中文摘要　　文法是語言的表意方法。我們用語言來表達情意，總是把許多個詞組合成一句句的話說出來。因此，集詞成句的方法－句法，自然就成為文法的重心了。　　我們要了解集詞成句的方法，先要了解句子的構造；要了解句子的構造，必須把構成句子的各種成分加以分析。因此，分析句的成分－析句，自然就成為研究文法的核心課題了。　　句子的構造方式，叫作句式。所謂句式研究，就是把一個句的「集詞成語」「組語成句」「連句成段」的方式加以分析探討。詞和詞、語和語、句和句之間的關係，固然可以用文字來說明；但是黎錦熙「新著國語文法」的圖解法，最能充分顯示這種關係。我現在就採用黎氏的圖解法來分析探討韓愈「師說」全篇各句的句式。 Abstract 　　Grammar is a way to express a language. To use a language to show what we mean, we always combine many words to form a sentence. So the ways of combining words become a very important part of grammar. 　　We first have to know the structure of a sentence in order to know how to combine words to form a sentence; and in order to know the structure of a sentence, we have to analyze the components of constructing a sentence. Therefore, to analyze the components of a sentence - sentence structure, becomes the central part of studying grammar. 　　The way of constructing a sentence is called sentence structure. To study sentence structure is to examine critically the way how to combine words to form a phrase, how to combine phrases to form a sentence, and how to combine sentences to form a paragraph. The relationships between word and word, phrase and phrase, and sentence and sentence can be explained with words, but the best way to show their relationships is to make use of the diagrams from the book "New Chinese Grammar" written by Lee Chia-shee. Here I have adopted Lee's diagrams to analyze the sentence structure of the article "A Teacher" written by Han Yu - a Chinese great writer.